Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations on numeric values.
Addition (+)
Syntax :
a + b
Example :
a <- 5 b <- 3 result <- a + b # 8 print(result)
Explanation: Adds the values of a and b, resulting in 8.
Subtraction (–)
Syntax:
a - b
Example :
a <- 5 b <- 3 result <- a - b # 2 print(result)
Explanation: Subtracts b from a, resulting in 2.
Multiplication (*)
Syntax :
a * b
Example :
a <- 5 b <- 3 result <- a * b # 15 print(result)
Explanation: Multiplies a by b, resulting in 15.
Division (/)
Syntax :
a / b
Example :
a <- 5 b <- 3 result <- a / b # 1.6667 print(result)
Explanation: Divides a by b, resulting in approximately 1.6667.
Exponentiation (^ or **)
Syntax :
a ^ b a ** b
Example :
a <- 2 b <- 3 result <- a ^ b # 8 print(result)
Explanation: Raises a to the power of b, resulting in 8.
Modulo (%%)
Syntax:
a %% b
Example :
a <- 10 b <- 3 result <- a %% b # 1 print(result)
Explanation: Computes the remainder of a divided by b, resulting in 1.
Integer Division (%/%)
Syntax :
a %/% b
Example :
a <- 10 b <- 3 result <- a %/% b # 3 print(result)
Explanation: Computes the integer quotient of a divided by b, resulting in 3.
Boolean Operators
Les opérateurs booléens sont utilisés pour effectuer des opérations logiques sur des valeurs booléennes (TRUE ou FALSE).
Equality (==)
Syntax :
a == b
Example :
a <- 5 b <- 3 result <- a == b # FALSE print(result)
Explanation: Checks if a is equal to b. The result is FALSE because 5 is not equal to 3.
Inequality (!=)
Syntax :
a != b
Example :
a <- 5 b <- 3 result <- a != b # TRUE print(result)
Explanation: Checks if a is not equal to b. The result is TRUE because 5 is not equal to 3.
Less Than (<)
Syntax :
a < b
Example :
a <- 5 b <- 10 result <- a < b # TRUE print(result)
Explanation: Checks if a is less than b. The result is TRUE because 5 is less than 10.
Greater Than (>)
Syntax :
a > b
Example :
a <- 5 b <- 10 result <- a > b # FALSE print(result)
Explanation: Checks if a is greater than b. The result is FALSE because 5 is not greater than 10.
Less Than or Equal To (<=)
Syntax:
a <= b
Example :
a <- 5 b <- 5 result <- a <= b # TRUE print(result)
Explanation: Checks if a is less than or equal to b. The result is TRUE because 5 is equal to 5.
Greater Than or Equal To (>=)
Syntax :
a >= b
Example :
a <- 5 b <- 3 result <- a >= b # TRUE print(result)
Explanation: Checks if a is greater than or equal to b. The result is TRUE because 5 is greater than 3.
Logical AND (& and &&)
Syntax :
- & : Element-wise logical AND.
- && : Short-circuit logical AND.
Example :
a <- TRUE b <- FALSE result1 <- a & b # FALSE result2 <- a && b # FALSE print(result1) print(result2)
Explanation: Both & and && check if both conditions are true. && evaluates only the first element, while & evaluates element-wise.
Logical OR (| and ||)
Syntax :
- | : Element-wise logical OR.
- || : Short-circuit logical OR.
Example :
a <- TRUE b <- FALSE result1 <- a | b # TRUE result2 <- a || b # TRUE print(result1) print(result2)
Explanation: Both | and || check if at least one condition is true. || evaluates only the first element, while | evaluates element-wise.
Logical NOT (!)
Syntax :
!a
Example :
a <- TRUE result <- !a # FALSE print(result)
Explanation: Negates the boolean value of a. If a is TRUE, !a is FALSE.
These operators are fundamental in performing mathematical and logical operations in R. They allow for a wide range of data manipulation and decision-making processes in your code.